Key Key Papers Concerning Exposure to Environmental Chemicals

 

 
Studies

Studies are divided into the following categories:

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Reviews

Fontham ET, Thun MJ, Ward E, Portier KM, Balch AJ, Delancey JO, Samet JM; ACS Cancer and the Environment Subcommittee.  American Cancer Society perspectives on environmental factors and cancer. CA Cancer J Clin, 2009; 59(6):343-51.  Open Access; available from: http://caonline.amcancersoc.org/cgi/content/full/59/6/343

Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Bourguignon JP, Giudice LC, Hauser R, Prins GS, Soto AM, Zoeller RT, Gore AC.  Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. Endocr Rev, 2009; 30(4):293-342. Abstract available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19502515

Crain DA, Janssen SJ, Edwards TM, Heindel J, Ho SM, Hunt P, Iguchi T, Juul A, McLachlan JA, Schwartz J, Skakkebaek N, Soto AM, Swan S, Walker C, Woodruff TK, Woodruff TJ, Giudice LC, Guillette LJ Jr. Female reproductive disorders: the roles of endocrine-disrupting compounds and developmental timing. Fertil Steril, 2008; 90(4):911-40.  Abstract available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18929049

Grandjean P, Bellinger D, Bergman A, Cordier S, Davey-Smith G, Eskenazi B, Gee D, Gray K, Hanson M, van den Hazel P, Heindel JJ, Heinzow B, Hertz-Picciotto I, Hu H, Huang TT, Jensen TK, Landrigan PJ, McMillen IC, Murata K, Ritz B, Schoeters G, Skakkebaek NE, Skerfving S, Weihe P. The faroes statement: human health effects of developmental exposure to chemicals in our environment. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol, 2008; 102(2):73-5.  Open Access; available from: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/119425369/HTMLSTART

Filby AL, Neuparth T, Thorpe KL, Owen R, Galloway TS, Tyler CR. Health impacts of estrogens in the environment, considering complex mixture effects. Environ Health Perspect, 2007; 115(12):1704-10.  Free Full Text: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2137123/?tool=pubmed

Kortenkamp A. Low dose mixture effects of endocrine disrupters: implications for risk assessment and epidemiology. Int J Androl, 2008; 31(2):233-40.  Abstract available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18248400

Kortenkamp A, Faust M, Scholze M, Backhaus T. Low-level exposure to multiple chemicals: reason for human health concerns? Environ Health Perspect, 2007; 115 Suppl 1:106-14.  Open Access; available from: http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/members/2007/9358/9358.pdf

Kortenkamp A. Ten years of mixing cocktails: a review of combination effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Environ Health Perspect, 2007; 115 Suppl 1:98-105.  Open Access; available from: http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/members/2007/9357/9357.pdf

Newby JA, Howard CV. Environmental Influences in Cancer Aetiology. J Nutri and Environ Med, 2005; 15(2/3): 56-114.  Abstract available from: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a746295158

Clapp RW, Howe GK, Jacobs MM. Environmental and Occupational Causes of Cancer: A Review of Recent Scientific Literature. 2005; This document is available at www.sustainableproduction.org and www.cheforhealth.org.

Sanborn M, Cole D, Kerr K, Vakil C, Sanin H, Bassil K. The Ontario College of Family Physicians: Pesticides Literature Review. 2004; Download here: http://www.ocfp.on.ca/local/files/Communications/Current%20Issues/Pesticides/Final%20Paper%2023APR2004.pdf

Sharpe RM. The 'oestrogen hypothesis' - where do we stand now? Int J Androl, 2003; 26:2-15.  Abstract available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12534932

Maffini MV, Rubin BS, Sonnenschein C, Soto AM. Endocrine disruptors and reproductive health: The case of bisphenol-A. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 2006; 254-255:179-86.   Abstract available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16781053

Fenton SE. Endocrine-disrupting compounds and mammary gland development: early exposure and later life consequences. Endocrinology, 2006; 147(6 Suppl):S18-24.  Free Full Text available from: http://endo.endojournals.org/cgi/reprint/147/6/s18

Newbold RR, Padilla-Banks E, Jefferson WN. Adverse effects of the model environmental estrogen diethylstilbestrol are transmitted to subsequent generations. Endocrinology, 2006; 47(6 Suppl):S11-7.  Free Full Text available from:  http://endo.endojournals.org/cgi/reprint/147/6/s11

Clapp RW, Howe GK, Jacobs MM. Environmental and occupational causes of cancer: A call to act on what we know. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (Dossier : Cancer : Influence of environment), 2007;  61, 631-639.  Abstract available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17905564

Belpomme D. Cancer and the environment: Facts, figures, methods and misinterpretations. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (Dossier : Cancer : Influence of environment), 2007; 61, 611-613.

Landau-Ossondo M, Rabia N, Jos-Pelage J, Marquet LM, Isidore Y, Saint-Aimé C, Martin M, Irigaray P, Belpomme D; ARTAC international research group on pesticides.  Why pesticides could be a common cause of prostate and breast cancers in the French Caribbean Island, Martinique. An overview on key mechanisms of pesticide-induced cancer.  Biomed Pharmacother 2009 Jul;63(6):383-95.   Abstract available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19570649

Davis DL, Donovan M, Herberman R, Gaynor M, Axelrod D, van Larebeke N, Sasco AJ. The need to develop centers for environmental oncology. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (Dossier : Cancer : Influence of environment), 2007; 61, 614-622.  Abstract available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17669614

Irigaray P, Newby JA, Clapp R, Hardell L, Howard V, Montagnier L, Epstein S, Belpomme D. Lifestyle-related factors and environmental agents causing cancer: An overview. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (Dossier : Cancer : Influence of environment), 2007;61, 640-658.  Abstract available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18055160

Irigaray P, Newby JA, Lacomme S, Belpomme D. Overweight/obesity and cancer genesis: More than a biological link. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (Dossier : Cancer : Influence of environment), 2007; 61, 665-678.  Abstract available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18035514

Belpomme D, Irigaray P, Hardell L, Clapp R, Montagniere L, Epstein S, Sasco A-J. The multitude and diversity of environmental carcinogens. Environmental Research, 2007; 10(3), 414-429.  Abstract available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17692309

Belpomme  D, Irigaray P, Sasco AJ , Newby JA, Howard V, Clapp R, Hardell, L. The growing incidence of cancer: Role of lifestyle and screening detection (Review).  Int J Oncol, 2007; 30 (5):1037-49.  Full Text available from: http://www.spandidos-publications.com/serveFile/ijo_30_5_1037_PDF.pdf?type=article&article_id=ijo_30_5_1037&item=PDF

Sasco AJ. Cancer and globalization. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2008; Feb;62(2):110-21.  Abstract available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18180137

Epidemiology

Melzer D, Rice NE, Lewis C, Henley WE, Galloway TS  Association of Urinary Bisphenol A Concentration with Heart Disease: Evidence from NHANES 2003/06. PLoS ONE, 2010; 5(1): e8673. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008673  Open Access; available from: http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0008673

Lang IA, Galloway TS, Scarlett A, Henley WE, Depledge M, et al. Association of urinary bisphenol A concentration with medical disorders and laboratory abnormalities in adults.  Journal of the American Medical Association, 2008; 300: 1303–1310.  Full Text Available from: http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/300/11/1303

Newby JA, Busby CC, Howard CV, Platt MJ. The cancer incidence temporality index: An index to show temporal changes in the age of onset of overall and specific cancer (England and Wales, 1971–1999). Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (Dossier : Cancer : Influence of environment). 2007; 61, 623-630.  Abstract available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582728

Sung T-I, Chen P-C, Jyuhn-Hsiarn Lee L, Lin Y-P, Hsieh G-Y, Wang J-D. Increased standardized incidence ratio of breast cancer in female electronics workers. BMC Public Health, 2007; 7:102.  Full Text Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1906757/pdf/1471-2458-7-102.pdf

Merhi M, Raynal H, Cahuzac E, Vinson F, Cravedi JP, Gamet-Payrastre L. Occupational exposure to pesticides and risk of hematopoietic cancers: meta-analysis of case–control studies. Cancer Causes Control, 2007; 8, 1209–1226.  Abstract available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17874193

Bouchardy C, Fioretta G, Verkooijen HM, Vlastos G, Schaefer P, Delaloye J-F, Neyroud-Caspar I, Balmer Majno S, Wespi Y, Forni M, Chappuis P, Sappino A-P, Rapiti E. Recent increase of breast cancer incidence among women under the age of forty. British Journal of Cancer, 2007; 96, 1743 – 1746.  Full Text Available from: http://www.eh.uc.edu/growingupfemale/pdfs/NEWS_Bouchardy%20ref.pdf

Cancer is an Environmental Disease

Lichtenstein P, Holm NV, Vrkasalo PK. Environmental and heritable factors in the causation of cancer. N Engl J Med, 2000; 342:78-85.  Full Text Available from: http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/343/2/78

Czene K, Lichtenstein P, Hemminki K. Environmental and heritable causes of cancer among 9.6 million individuals in the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. Int J Cancer, 2002; 99:260-266.  Abstract Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11979442

Specific Cancer Sites: Prostate

Potti A, Panwalkar AW, Langness E. Prevalence of pesticide exposure in young males (</= 50 years) with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. J Carcinog, 2003; 2:4.  Full Text Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC169175/pdf/1477-3163-2-4.pdf

Jaga K, Dharmani C. The epidemiology of pesticide exposure and cancer: A review. Rev Environ Health, 2005; 20(1):15-38.  Abstract Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15835496

Settimi L, Masina A, Andrion A, Axelson O. Prostate cancer and exposure to pesticides in agricultural settings. Int J Cancer, 2003;104(4):458-61.  Abstract Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12584743

Ritchie JM, Vial SL, Fuortes LJ, Guo H, Reedy VE, Smith EM. Organochlorines and risk of prostate cancer. J Occup Environ Med, 2003; 45(7):692-702.  Abstract Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12855910

Hardell L, Andersson S-O Carlberg M, Bohr L, van Bavel B, Lindstrom G, Bjornfoth H, Ginman C. Adipose Tissue Concentrations of Persistent Organic Pollutants and the Risk of Prostate Cancer. J Occup Environ Med, 2006, 48(7):700-707.  Abstract Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16832227

Prins GS, Birch L, Tang W-Y, Hob S-M. Developmental estrogen exposures predispose to prostate carcinogenesis with aging. Reproductive Toxicology, 2007; 23, 374–382.  Full Text Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1927084/pdf/nihms23013.pdf

Specific Cancer Sites: Breast

Brody JG, Rudel RA. Environmental pollutants and breast cancer.  Environ Health Perspect. 2003 June; 111(8): 1007–1019.  Full Text Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241551/pdf/ehp0111-001007.pdf

Brody JG, Moysich KB, Humblet O, Attfield KR, Beehler GP, Rudel RA. Environmental Pollutants and Breast Cancer. Supplement to Cancer (Environmental Factors in Breast Cancer), 2007; (109):12, 2667-2711.   Full Text Available from: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/114261513/PDFSTART

Rudel RA, Attfield KR. Schifano JN, Brody JG. Chemicals Causing Mammary Gland Tumors inAnimals Signal New Directions for Epidemiology, Chemicals Testing, and Risk Assessment for Breast Cancer Prevention. Supplement to Cancer (Environmental Factors in Breast Cancer), 2007; (109):12, 2365-2666. Full Text Available from:  http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/114230720/PDFSTART

Brody JG, Rudel RA. Environmental Pollutants and Breast Cancer: The Evidence from Animal and Human Studies. Breast Diseases: A Year book Quarterly, 2008; (19):1, 17-19.

Sasco AJ. Breast cancer and the environment. Horm Res, 2003; 60:50.  Abstract Available from:  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671396

Palmer JR, Wise LA, Hatch EE, Troisi R, Titus-Ernstoff L, Strohsnitter W, Kaufman R, Herbst AL, Noller KL, Hyer M, Hoover RN. Prenatal Diethylstilbestrol Exposure and Risk of Breast Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev, 2006;15:1509-1514.  Full Text Available from:  http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/15/8/1509.full.pdf+html

Darbre PD. Environmental oestrogens, cosmetics and breast cancer. Best Pract & Res Clin Endocrinol & Metabol, 2006;20(1):121-143.  Abstract Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16522524

Ibarluzea Jm J, Fernandez MF, Santa-Marina L, Olea-Serrano MF, Rivas AM, Aurrekoetxea JJ, Exposito J, Lorenzo M, Torne P, Villalobos M, Pedraza V, Sasco AJ, Olea N. Breast cancer risk and the combined effect of environmental estrogens. Cancer Causes Control, 2004; 15(6):591-600.  Abstract Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15280638

Kortenkamp A. Breast cancer, oestrogens and environmental pollutants: a re-evaluation from a mixture perspective. Int J Androl, 2006; 29(1):193-8.  Abstract Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16466540

Markey CM, Luque EH, Munoz de Toro M. In utero exposure to bisphenol A alters the development and tissue organization of the mouse mammary gland. Biol Reprod, 2001;65:1215-1223.  Full Text Available from: http://www.biolreprod.org/content/65/4/1215.full.pdf+html

Cassidy RA, Natarajan S, Vaughan GM. The link between the insecticide heptachlor epoxide, estradiol, and breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2005; 90(1):55-64.  Abstract Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15770527

Murray TJ, Maffini MV, Ucci AA, Sonnenschein C, Soto AM. Induction of mammary gland ductal hyperplasias and carcinoma in situ following fetal bisphenol A exposure. Reproductive Toxicology, 2007; 23, 383–390.  Abstract Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15770527

Jenkins S, Rowell C, Wang J, Lamartiniere CA. Prenatal TCDD exposure predisposes for mammary cancer in rats. Reproductive Toxicology, 2007; 23, 391–396.  Full Text Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1965459/?tool=pubmed

Specific Cancer Sites: Testes

Bay K, Asklund C, Skakkebaek NE, Andersson A-M. Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: possible role of endocrine disrupters. Best Pract & Res Clin Endocrinol & Metabol, 2006;  (20)1:77-90.   Abstract Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16522521

Hardell L, Van Bavel B, Lindstrom G, Carlberg M, Eriksson M, Dreifaldt AC, Wijkstrom H, Starkhammar H, Hallquist A, Kolmert T. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls in blood and the risk for testicular cancer. Int J Androl, 2004; 27(5):282-90.  Abstract Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15379968

Hardell L, van Bavel B, Lindstrom G, Carlberg M, Dreifaldt AC, Wijkstrom H, Starkhammar H, Eriksson M, Hallquist A, Kolmert T. Increased concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, hexachlorobenzene, and chlordanes in mothers of men with testicular cancer. Environ Health Perspect, 2003; 111(7):930-4.  Full Text Available from: http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/members/2003/5816/5816.pdf

Hardell L, Malmqvist N, ran Ohlson CG, Westberg H, Eriksson M. Testicular cancer and occupational exposure to polyvinyl chloride plastics: a case-control study. Int J Cancer, 2004; 109:425-429.  Abstract Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14961582

Specific Cancer Sites: Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

De Roos AJ, Hartge P, Lubin JH, Colt JS, Davis S, Cerhan JR, Severson RK, Cozen W, Patterson DG Jr, Needham LL, Rothman N. Persistent organochlorine chemicals in plasma and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cancer Res, 2005; 65(23):11214-26.  Full Text Available from: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/content/full/65/23/11214

Buckley JD, Meadows AT, Kadin ME, Le Beau MM, Siegel S, Robison LL. Pesticide exposures in children with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer, 2000; 89(11):2315-21.  Full Text Available from: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/76501796/PDFSTART

Fritschi L, Benke G, Hughes AM, Kricker A, Turner J, Vajdic CM, Grulich A, Milliken S, Kaldor J, Armstrong BK. Occupational exposure to pesticides and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Am J Epidemiol, 2005; 162(9):849-57.  Full Text Available from: http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/162/9/849

Occupational and Inadvertent Exposure to Carcinogens

Zheng T, Zahm SH, Cantor KP, Weisenburger DD, Zhang Y, Blair A. Agricultural exposure to carbamate pesticides and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. J Occup Environ Med, 2001; 43(7):641-9.  Abstract Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11464396

Gago-Dominguez M, Bell D, Watson M, Yuan JM, Castelao JE, Hein DW, Chan KK, Coetzee GA, Ross RK, Yu MC. Permanent hair dyes and bladder cancer: risk modification by cytochrome P4501A2 and N-acetyltransferases 1 and 2. Carcinogenesis, 2003; 24:483-489.  Full Text Available from: http://carcin.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/24/3/483

IARC.  Occupational exposures of hairdressers and barbers and personal use of hair colourants; some hair dyes, cosmetic colourants, industrial dyestuffs and aromatic amines. IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risks of chemicals to humans, Vol. 57. Lyon: IARC Press; 1993.  Available from: http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol57/volume57.pdf

Schettler T.  Human exposure to phthalates via consumer products. Int J Androl, 2003; 29:134-139.  Abstract Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16466533

Zumbado M, Goethals M, Alvarez-Leon EE, Luzardo OP, Cabrera F, Serra-Majem L, Dominguez-Boada L. Inadvertent exposure to organochlorine pesticides DDT and derivatives in people from the Canary Islands (Spain). Sci Total Environ, 2005; 339(1-3):49-62. Abstract Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15740757

Toxicological Evidence for Low Dose Effects (Environmentally Relevant Doses)

Melnick R, Lucier G, Wolfe M, Hall R, Stancel G, Prins G, Gallo M, Reuhl K, Ho S-M, Brown T. Summary of the National Toxicology Program's report of the endocrine disruptors low-dose peer review. Environ Health Perspect, 2002; 110:427-431.  Full Text Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240807/pdf/ehp0110-000427.pdf

vom Saal FS, Hughes C. An Extensive New Literature Concerning Low-Dose Effects of Bisphenol A Shows the Need for a New Risk Assessment. Environ Health Perspect, 2005; 113:926-933.   Full Text Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1280330/pdf/ehp0113-000926.pdf

Pre, Peri and Post-Natal Exposure and Subsequent Cancer Risk

Schecter A, Ryan JJ, Papke O. Decrease in levels and body burden of dioxins, dibenzofurans, PCBs, DDE, and HCB in blood and milk in a mother nursing twins over a thirty-eight month period. Chemosphere, 1998; 37:1807-1816.  Abstract Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9828309

Ma X, Buffler PA, Gunier RB, Dahl G, Smith MT, Reinier K, Reynolds P. Critical windows of exposure to household pesticides and risk of childhood leukemia. Environ Health Perspect, 2002;110:955-960.  Full Text Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240997/pdf/ehp0110-000955.pdf

Brown NM, Manzolillo PA, Zhang J-X, Wang J, lamartinere CA. Prenatal TCDD and predisposition to mammary cancer in the rat. Carcinogenesis, 1998;19:1623-1629.  Full Text Available from: http://carcin.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/19/9/1623

Fenton SE, Hamm JT, Birnbaum LS, Youngblood GL. Persistent abnormalities in the rat mammary gland following gestational and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Toxicol Sci, 2002; 67:63-74.

Markey CM, Luque EH, Munoz de Toro M. In utero exposure to bisphenol A alters the development and tissue organization of the mouse mammary gland. Biol Reprod, 2001;  65:1215-1223.  Full Text Available from: http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/67/1/63

Childhood

Hoffmann W,Terschueren C, Richardson DB.  Childhood Leukemia in the Vicinity of the Geesthacht Nuclear Establishments near Hamburg, Germany. Environ Health Perspect, 2007; 115, 947–952.  Full Text Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1892150/pdf/ehp0115-000947.pdf

von Rettberg H, Hannman T, Subotic U, Brade J, Schaible T, Waag KL, Loff S. Use of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate-containing infusion systems increases the risk for cholestasis. Pediatrics, 2009; 124(2):710-6.  Abstract Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19651587

Other sites

Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hardell K, Björnfoth H, Wickbom G, Ionescu M, van Bavel B, Lindström G. Decreased survival in pancreatic cancer patients with high concentrations of organochlorines in adipose tissue. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (Dossier : Cancer : Influence of environment), 2007; 61, 659-664.  Abstract Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17560068

 

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